Strategic Focus: Strategies for Reducing End-of-Life Waste Emissions

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Executive Summary

Category 12 emissions from the end-of-life treatment of sold products are a hidden but significant source of GHG emissions, particularly in materials-heavy industries. Despite the impact of these emissions, many firms overlook them due to the logistical challenges of collecting data and a lack of transparency in how consumers dispose of products. However, better measurement and reduction strategies are emerging. Firms with significant Category 12 emissions can refine their reporting with lifecycle assessments and waste data, while cutting emissions through circular design, recycling programmes and industry partnerships. Addressing these emissions is not just about compliance – it is a chance to boost broader organizational sustainability, cut costs and stay ahead of regulations. 

Table of contents

Hard-to-measure waste emissions are material to forest production, chemicals and agriculture firms
Best practices in measuring end-of-life treatment of sold products emissions
Best practices in reducing end-of-life treatment of sold products emissions

Table of figures

Figure 1. Proportion of total GHG emissions associated with Category 12 by sector
Figure 2. Innovative approaches to improving Category 12 emissions reporting
Figure 3. Impact of different end-of-life treatment methods and social barriers on Category 12 emissions

About the authors

Isobel McPartlin

Analyst
Isobel is an Analyst in the Verdantix Net Zero & Climate Risk practice. Prior to joining Verdantix, she completed an MSc in Environment Politics and Society at UCL, specializing in energy transitions and the politics of climate change, with a particular interest in net zero narratives. She holds a BA in Geography from the University of Cambridge.

Ryan Skinner

Research Director, Net Zero & Climate Risk
Ryan is the Research Director for the Verdantix Net Zero & Climate Risk practice. He guides the research team to develop compelling research at the intersection of net zero strategies, carbon management, climate risk and technology. Prior to joining Verdantix, Ryan was a principal analyst at Forrester Research, where he initiated the research into ESG data and analytics offerings. He also has extensive experience of helping software companies with their messaging, positioning, market and technology strategies. Ryan studied at Duke University, the University of Manchester and the University of Oslo, and speaks Norwegian fluently.

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